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| 1979 |
| | | The Global Commission for the Eradication of Smallpox announces that the world is free of the disease | |
|  | White doctor vaccinating 800 Zulus
Wellcome Library, London
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| 1981 |
| | | AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is described for the first time in a US medical journal | |
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| 1982 |
| | | 8,000-year-old human remains are found in a waterlogged burial site at Windover, in Florida | |
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| 1983 |
| | | Luc Montagnier, at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, discovers a new human retrovirus that he names LAV (later changed to HIV) | |
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| 1984 |
| | | The Turkana Boy, the most complete known skeleton of Homo erectus, is found near Lake Turkana by Kamoya Kimeu in Richard Leakey's team | |
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| 1984 |
| | | Genetic (or DNA) fingerprinting is invented and developed by British geneticist Alec Jeffreys | |
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| 1985 |
| | | The Human Genome Project begins in the US Department of Energy, with the aim of sequencing the whole of human DNA | |
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| 1986 |
| | | The US Space shuttle Challenger explodes with seven on board less than two minutes after lift-off | |
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| 1986 |
| | | The Soviets launch the first module (the living quarters) of their Mir Space Station | |
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| 1986 |
| | | The drug AZT (azidothymidine) offers hope as a way of inhibiting the progression from HIV to AIDS | |
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